Wednesday, July 1, 2009

NC Ch 11 : Aqueous Solutions

Agriculture accounts for 81% of consumptive use of freshwater in 1995.
Housing and commercial buildings use 12% of freshwater.

innovations:
Drip irrigation can make water use more efficient.

Charge extra for excess water use.

Arava R&D, "enriches its agricultural water by growing edible fish in it under evaporation-blocking and temperature-controlling giant plastic 'Aqua-Bubbles'"

Grow crops that prefer brackish water 'halophytes'

Xeriscape movement - "design practice that creates elegant and water-efficient landscapes" (p219)

Grow native plants for landscaping

Use greywater for toilets, and make them less leaky. California Plumbing Code now defines how graywater should be controlled to protect public health, keeping it underground and off food crops.

New kind of toilet by Swedish toilets, where urine is separate from feces. Urine is collected and sold as fertilizer. Feces can be composted/dried.

Use better showerheads

use better sinks

horizontal-axis dishwashing and clothes-washing ues less water.

Living Technologies Inc, designs, builds, and operates innovative wastewater treatment systems called Living Machines, eliminate use of chlorine, polymers, aluminum salts, etc. Invented by Dr. John Todd.

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